For CRPS, which PAM is used?

• A. Paraffin
• B. TENS
• C. Cold
• D. Fluidotherapy

Answer: (D)

In CRPS, addressing hypersensitivity and promoting desensitization while maintaining ROM and circulation is a central goal, so a PAM that provides controlled, tolerable sensory input plus warmth and movement is ideal. Fluidotherapy uses a warm stream of fine particles circulated around the hand or forearm, offering adjustable temperature, agitation, and varied textures. This setup delivers graded tactile stimulation, which helps desensitize hypersensitive skin, reduces pain with allodynia, and supports gentle ROM and functional activity within a tolerable range. The warmth also improves circulation and can help with edema management, making therapy participation more feasible. In contrast, paraffin is a passive heating modality with limited sensory variation and less direct desensitization benefit; cold can provoke vasomotor symptoms and worsen CRPS flares; and TENS, while useful for pain relief, does not provide the same desensitization benefits or edema control as fluidotherapy. Therefore, fluidotherapy is the most appropriate PAM for CRPS among these options.